Abstract Background: Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) with pulmonary involvement is uncommon, and primary pulmonary lymphoma (PPL) is exceedingly rare. Its radiologic appearance often mimics metastatic disease. Case Presentation: A 50-year-old female presented with anorexia and cervical lymphadenopathy came for evaluation and…

Introduction Varicocele is defined as an abnormal and tortuous dilatation of the pampiniform plexus of veins within the spermatic cord. It is particularly prevalent among the young male population, with a global incidence of approximately 15–20%.1 Clinical presentation commonly includes…

Bacteria are broadly classified into two groups—Gram-positive and Gram-negative—based on their cell wall structure and staining characteristics. This classification is derived from the Gram staining method developed by Hans Christian Gram in 1884, which remains a cornerstone of microbiological diagnostics…